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A surge protection device (SPD) or simply a surge protector is a device used to protect electronic devices from power surges or transient voltage.
The surge protection device (SPD) is a component of the electrical installation protection system.
This surge protection device (SPD) is connected in parallel to the power supply circuit of the loads that it has to protect (see Figure). It can also be used at all levels of the power supply network.
Surge protection device (SPD) connected in parallel has a high impedance. Once the transient overvoltage appears in the system, the impedance of the device decreases so surge current is driven through the surge protection device (SPD), bypassing the sensitive equipment.
A surge protection device (SPD) is designed to protect electrical systems and equipment from surge events by limiting transient voltages and diverting surge currents.
When a transient voltage occurs on the protected circuit, an SPD limits the transient voltage and diverts the current back to its source or ground.
To work, there must be at least one non-linear component of the SPD, which under different conditions transitions between a high and low impedance state.
At normal operating voltages, the SPDs are in a high-impedance state and do not affect the system. When a transient voltage occurs on the circuit, the SPD moves into a state of conduction (or low impedance) and diverts the surge current back to its source or ground.
This limits or clamps the voltage to a safer level. After the transient is diverted, the SPD automatically resets back to its high-impedance state.
Surge protection devices contain at least one non-linear component (a varistor or spark gap), its electrical resistance varying in the function of the voltage which is applied to it.
SPD is designed to limit transient overvoltages of atmospheric origin and divert current waves to earth, so as to limit the amplitude of this overvoltage to a value that is not hazardous for the electrical installation and electric switchgear and controlgear.
The operating principle of a surge protection device is as follows:
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Since 2010, LSP has been dedicated to designing and manufacturing surge protective devices protecting installations from transient overvoltages that result from switching events and lightning strikes.